ADM+S News and Media Research Symposium Lightning Talks
The Centre’s higher degree research students and early career researchers provide overviews of projects in the News Media Focus Area.

Lisa Archbold
Children’s Development Privacy
Many aspects of children’s lives are increasingly digital – from posting newborn pictures to submitting high school essays through learning management systems. This means that children’s networks have expanded to include digital platforms, applications and educational technologies that record, collect and process children’s data and images.
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My research draws on children’s rights scholarship, capabilities scholarship, privacy scholarship and feminist scholarship to argue that we should value privacy when it impacts on children’s development. I call this theory of privacy “children’s developmental privacy” and argue that it has two main features. Firstly, I argue that a theory of children’s developmental privacy is grounded in relational autonomy. By this I mean that privacy for children to protect their autonomy should not necessarily be concerned with ensuring children are free from external influences, but also be concerned with the effect of and on children’s relationships. Secondly, I argue that a theory of children’s developmental privacy recognises that privacy is important and should be valued when it enables children to flourish and develop. I argue that by viewing children’s developmental privacy as a relational and an enabling right, we can conceptualise more precisely the potential risks to and benefits of children’s privacy, how it should relate to other rights, and its normative value. Accordingly, a theory of children’s developmental privacy can inform Australian law (including data protection regimes and actions in privacy) by rethinking parental controls, using children’s rights frameworks as evaluative tools, and endorsing a right to be forgotten.

Louisa Bartolo
Recommendation on Amazon Books and Twitch
In this talk, Louisa will begin with a brief overview of what recommender systems are, why they matter, and some of the key challenges associated with systematically studying recommendation. She will then explain the approach I am taking in my PhD project and outline why a study of recommendation on Amazon Books and Twitch is both timely and valuable.

Dominique Carlon
Bots of Reddit
There is mounting concern about the role of bots in influencing political and social outcomes. But where does a Dad bot fit in this discussion? By following the life stories of bots on the Reddit platform my research will examine how Reddit’s distinctive culture fosters an environment that encourages bot creation and sets standards and norms around their presence.

Dan Dai
The Dynamics of China’s Online Public Sphere – An Exploratory Study of Issue Publics on Weibo
Online discussions on social media platforms have attracted significant attention from the academic community over the last two decades. China remains the most contrasting and unique case. As most of the research focus on western digital platforms, and research on China’s internet studies majorly centre around state’s censorship practices and online contentions such as activism, the understanding of less contented online discussions in China is still limited.
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This project aims to fill this gap by adopting the concept of issue publics defined by Converse and in specific takes a close look at trending topics on China’s most popular microblogging site Weibo, to understand the typology, structure, and diffusion patterns of its online discourse. Through mixed methods, with application on Natural Language Processing techniques and sentiment analysis, this project aims to uncover what topics attract people’s attention the most, examine the quality of such discussions and explore what functions do online discussion or Weibo platform serve to the society and the people.

Anjalee de Silva
Democracy, Vilification, and Automated Regulation
The harms of vilifying speech, as relevant to law, are best understood as the subordination and silencing of target group members on the basis of their relevant ascriptive characteristics. Accordingly, such speech negatively impacts on target group members’ participation in public life and has associated impacts on democratic processes and their legitimacy. This study seeks to explore the viability and desirability of automated decision-making as part of a multifaceted counter-speech approach to responding to vilifying speech in the online regulatory context.
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Specifically, this study seeks to consider two juxtaposed research questions. First, the study seeks to consider whether automated decision-making has the potential to identify and respond to vilifying speech in the online context in ways that mitigate the negative impacts of such speech on target group members’ democratic participation or that otherwise increase targets group members’ democratic participation. Second, the study seeks to consider whether, conversely, automated decision-making in speech regulation in the online context has the potential to impede, through inequitable, inconsistent, or unaccountable administration, the democratic participation of particular target group members, speakers, or audiences.

Rosalie Gillett
Automating safety: Developing better data models to foster prosocial digital platforms
How women understand and experience harm and safety online is complex and context dependent. To date, platforms have presented the principal unit of harm as individual pieces of content or media objects. Based on this assumption, platforms focus on moderating discrete pieces of content that violate service rules. While content moderation is an important governing service that platforms provide, these practices not adequately address the range of material and conduct that women experience as harmful.
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Repetitive and ostensibly innocuous behaviours online, for instance, may not appear abusive; however, they can make women feel incredibly unsafe in the context of abusive relationships or networked and coordinated hate campaigns. How effectively platforms mitigate harm and enable their users to feel safe relies on data that depict how users understand and experience content and behaviour. Still, platforms focus on increasing the accuracy of automated content moderation tools rather than addressing the more complex questions about how women experience and understand harm and safety, and how these understandings might inform better interventions. Importantly, then, platforms need a fundamental reworking of the data they rely on to inform harm and safety responses. In this project, Rosalie draws on hybrid digital methods to develop robust frameworks for understanding women’s experiences of harm and safety online and to establish better data logics and hence data models for automated decision-making in digital platforms.

Jake Goldenfein
How to Lose at Regulating Big Tech – The Australian News Media Bargaining Code
After a very public battle with Google and Facebook, the Australian government passed the Mandatory News Media Bargaining Code into law. The subsequent deals made between platforms and media companies was touted as a win for Australian journalism. Comparative analysis of the initial aspirations for platform regulation expressed in the ACCC Digital Platforms Inquiry and what the law achieved show a different story, however. Those platforms may have had to pay up for content, but ultimately achieved precisely what they wanted – to not be regulated at all.

Danula Hettiachchi
Measuring user’s cognitive biases and communication effectiveness of the fact-checked content presentation
Fact-checking or determining the veracity of a particular statement (e.g., something said by a public figure or content shared on social media) is a critical element in preventing misinformation online. While people increasingly consume fact-checked content, there is little understanding of how users perceive and interact with verified content. The order and style on which the statement, the verdict, the accreditation of the fact-checking organisation, or link to sources may have different implications to different user engagement and effectiveness of communication.
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Furthermore, we do not know how to effectively present such verifications through novel news-consumption channels such as voice-based interfaces (e.g., digital voice assistants like Apple Siri, Google Assistant, or Amazon Alexa). This study aims to investigate how to measure, quantify, and explain biases that play a key role when users interact with fact-checked content online. We are interested in exploring the interaction through standard screen-based interfaces and voice-based interfaces.

Rakesh Kumar
Platform Entrepreneurial Work and Social Media
Platform work has often been associated with the precarious gig economy work at one end and the influencer economy on the other. Platform entrepreneurial work (PEW), where people have micro-businesses or do independent work is an increasing trend globally wherein legacy social media platforms (FB, Twitter, Google, Instagram, WhatsApp and YouTube) and new media and commerce platforms (Patreon, Substack, Shopify, Circle and
others)are leveraged simultaneously.
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This presentation talks about the entanglement of social media and commerce into what is now called ‘social commerce’, the primacy of cultural power and the coming web 3.0 as decentralised protocols put community power into the media and what it means for the creator and passion economy.

Silvia Montaña-Niño
Automated landscapes in newsrooms. The formation of editorial ADMS in Australian digital outlets.
At a time when the global news outlets are moving fast towards the intensive use of automated technologies and some media theorists argue that journalism is amidst an ‘ontological transition’, the research offers a panorama of the data-driven practices, and algorithmic systems configurating the contemporary news work in Australia. This talk presents the preliminary findings after interviewing news workers in legacy and emerging newsrooms. The research explores to what extent journalists participate and cooperate in the design of these automated decision-making systems (ADMS) in newsrooms, what kind of initiatives are driving the development of those systems and how those practices are moving from artisanal and journalistic-oriented towards a more industrialised algorithmic models of news production and distribution.

Ashwin Nagappa
Becoming DTube: The biography of a decentralised video streaming platform
The lightning talk will present initial findings from my study exploring the unique characteristics, potential viability and social consequences of emerging decentralised alternatives to YouTube. My research critically examines the viability and novelty of one such initiative – DTube.
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DTube is one of the many technological initiatives that ambitiously aspires to revive the original principles of web, by offering decentralized architecture as a solution to techno-social problems materialized by technology giants such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Twitter. At this moment, little is known about how much of an alternative these platforms pose, and how they are engaging in the complex community management and business challenges that all successful platforms have to face as they grow. The analysis and findings from the study will help explore the imaginations of an ideal social media platform and the processes involved in developing and sustaining such space.

Jathan Sadowski
I am the score machine
Inspired by advancements in social scoring systems, this spoken word poem sketches a critical speculative scenario of algorithmic urban governance. I imagine a near future where such systems have become a core infrastructure integrated into modern life, providing the universal solution to problems of reputation and evaluation. From the point of view of four components—the algorithm, the city, the glitch, the citizen—I consider the socio-technical operations and outcomes of a system that I call the score machine. Through this poem, I analyse the relationship—as materialized by the score machine—between administrative authority, biopolitical control, and inevitable error.

Sijun Shen
China’s Eat-streaming, Excessive Consumption and the Unique Contradictions of Contemporary Chinese Society
Sijun spent the past four years studying the online live-streaming of extreme eating in China. Sijun believes these performances should not be dismissed as strange or fringe, as they can provide insights to the way that everyday Chinese people, especially the marginalized, negotiate some of the unique contradictions and struggles in contemporary Chinese society.
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This is because China’s eat-streaming culture vividly demonstrates the labour of our hyper-productivity, the performativity of our enjoyment and the limit of our hyper-consumption. These characteristics of China’s eat-streaming point to the very problem and contradiction that forms our subjectivity: how our symptoms and our desires manifest themselves when caught in the web of our ideological belief and excessive consumption (as a mode of production).

Zahra Stardust
Sex Tech and the Ethics of Data Governance
Smart sex technologies and networked apps are being used in sex and relationship education, to enhance sexual wellness and to improve sexual and reproductive health. To do so, they collect, store and process substantial amounts of intimate data. This project uses a walkthrough method to examine the design, technical mechanisms and affordances of sex therapy apps, sex education chatbots and smart sex toys. It examines the political economy of ‘sex tech’ in order to identify how sexual technologies are being governed at scale.

Pratiwi Utami
“I am here for the memes”: Meme culture and civic engagement in Indonesia
This thesis investigates the shape of the interaction between meme culture and contemporary Indonesian politics and what it means to democracy, using post-debate memes circulated in the 2019 Presidential Election as the case study. This study looks at the practice of producing and exchanging political memes as a form of bottom-up – though sometimes messy and unpredictable – informal public expression.
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The meme practice exemplifies the importance of everyday interaction between citizens in driving democracy as stated by Dahlgren (2009) in his elaborated discussion about civic culture. This project employs six components of civic culture offered by Dahlgren to evaluate Indonesian meme users’ engagement (or disengagement) with political issues. The lightning talk will present the project’s findings from the in-depth interviews with Indonesian memes practitioners, semiotic analysis of the post-debate memes that spread in the 2019 Presidential Election and discourse analysis of social media comments about the memes. The analysis and findings from this study will help explore memes’ civic potentials in the dynamics of a developing country with a young democracy.